The 18-year-old, who had been expected to remain at Whaddon Road untilJanuary, has been recalled because manager Lee Clark is expected to be without strikers Lee Novak and Matt Green for two months with knee injuries.
"He has been playing with a lot of confidence, playing as a striker and as a wideman," said Clark.
"We're short in the striking department so he should be full of confidence. We've had him watched in every game he's played.
"We've had to do it but I'm a bit gutted for Mark Yates and Cheltenham because he was getting what we wanted from the loan deal."
Arthur scored four goal in his eight match loan spell with Cheltenham.